| The Electric Firmament “If I have told you of earthly things, and ye believe not, how shall ye believe, if I tell you of heavenly things?” -John 3:12 Having spent 20 years as an electrical engineer, it isn't difficult for me to see what's going on in the Eskimo Nebula. However, anyone who has seen a plasma lamp in one of those little novelty shops in the mall can also see what's happening: Electrical discharge! At Thunderbolts.info we read: Many of astronomy's most fundamental mysteries find their resolution in plasma behavior. Why do cosmic bodies spin, asked the distinguished astronomer Fred Hoyle, in summarizing the unanswered questions. Plasma experiments show that rotation is a natural function of interacting electric currents in plasma. Currents can pinch matter together to form rotating stars and galaxies. A good example is the ubiquitous spiral galaxy, a predictable configuration of a cosmic-scale discharge. Computer models of two current filaments interacting in a plasma have, in fact, reproduced fine details of spiral galaxies, where the gravitational schools must rely on invisible matter arbitrarily placed wherever it is needed to make their models "work." |
| The Eskimo Nebula (NGC 2392), also known as the Clownface Nebula |
The photograph of spiral galaxy M81 above is one of the first images returned by NASA's new Spitzer space telescope, an instrument that can detect extremely faint waves of infrared radiation, or heat, through clouds of dust and plasma that have blocked the view of conventional telescopes. The result is the picture of striking clarity. Beneath this photograph we have placed snapshots from a computer simulation by plasma scientist Anthony Peratt, illustrating the evolution of galactic structures under the influence of electric currents. Through the "pinch effect", parallel currents converge to produce spiraling structures. To see the connection between plasma experiments and plasma formations in space, it is essential to understand the scalability of plasma phenomena. Under similar conditions, plasma discharge will produce the same formations irrespective of the size of the event. The same basic patterns will be seen at laboratory, planetary, stellar, and galactic levels. Duration is proportional to size as well. A spark that lasts for microseconds in the laboratory may continue for years at planetary or stellar scales, or for millions of years at galactic or intergalactic scales. Plasma experiments, backed by computer simulations of plasma discharge, are changing the picture of space. Plasma scientists, for example, are able to replicate the evolution of galactic structures both experimentally and in computer simulations without recourse to a popular fiction of modern astrophysics --the black hole. Astronomers require invisible, super-compressed matter as the center of galaxies because without Black Holes gravitational equations cannot account for observed movement and compact energetic activity. But charged plasma achieves such effects routinely. Now that we can put aside the myths of the Kabbalah and its Big Bang expanding universe, let's get right down to it and see just what God Himself has to say about His Universe, shall we? In the previous essay, "In the Beginning", we left off at the end of Day 1, corresponding with Genesis 1:6. From there we go on to read: "And God said, 'Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters'. And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so. And God called the firmament "Heaven". And the evening and the morning were the second day." -Genesis 1:6-8 Can it get any plainer than that? Here God causes an expanse to separate the earth's waters, and this expanse or "firmament" is called "Heaven"! How do we know that this is what it really means? Lets take a look at the next span of verses: "And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so. And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good." -vs. 9-11. So here we see that God caused some of the waters that were covering the whole earth to be gathered into seas in order to expose dry land, or, the continents. (See the essay: The Broken Deep.) This confirms that the "waters which were under the firmament" are being referred to specifically. Now let's look at verses 14-16: "And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years: And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so. And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also." Notice the specific reason given for the lights, or in other words, their purpose? What ever does the dividing moves, so the sun and stars are moving. "I form the light, and create darkness: I make peace, and create evil: I the LORD do all these things." (Isaiah 45:7) God “created darkness” as a background in the heavens in order for the light of the moving sun to serve its function of indicating “days.” The earth is not mentioned in this setup until verse 15, so the sun moves to determine the seasons, days and years. Now note these two root words, specifically "plates" and "beaten out": 7554 raqa` raw-kah' a primitive root; to pound the earth (as a sign of passion); by analogy to expand (by hammering); by implication, to overlay (with thin sheets of metal):--beat, make broad, spread abroad (forth, over, out, into plates), stamp, stretch. 7555 riqqua` rik-koo'-ah from 7554; beaten out, i.e. a (metallic) plate:--broad. Let's look at occurrences of this word elsewhere in the Bible for further clues: "Hast thou with him spread out the sky, which is strong, and as a molten looking glass?" (Job 37:18) "And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever." (Daniel 12:3) "And the likeness of the firmament upon the heads of the living creature was as the colour of the terrible crystal, stretched forth over their heads above." -Ezekiel 1:22. (Note the "likeness" is exactly what you see in a mirror! See "Star Reflections" below.) "And under the firmament were their wings straight, the one toward the other: every one had two, which covered on this side, and every one had two, which covered on that side, their bodies....."And there was a voice from the firmament that was over their heads, when they stood, and had let down their wings. "And above the firmament that was over their heads was the likeness of a throne, as the appearance of a sapphire stone: and upon the likeness of the throne was the likeness as the appearance of a man above upon it." (Ezekiel 1:23,25,26.) "Then I looked, and, behold, in the firmament that was above the head of the cherubims there appeared over them as it were a sapphire stone, as the appearance of the likeness of a throne." -Ezekiel 10:1. We also have two occurrences in the Old Testament of another word which has been translated as "sky": 7833 shachaq shaw-khak' a primitive root; to comminate (by trituration or attrition):--beat, wear. 7834 shachaq shakh'-ak from 7833; a powder (as beaten small): by analogy, a thin vapor; by extension, the firmament:--cloud, small dust, heaven, sky. The first is at Deuteronomy 33:26: "There is none like unto the God of Jeshurun, who rideth upon the heaven in thy help, and in his excellency on the sky." The second is at Job 37:18 "Hast thou with him spread out the sky, which is strong, and as a molten looking glass?" The 'Hebrew' word for Heaven was "shemayim": 8064 shamayim shaw-mah'-yim dual of an unused singular shameh {shaw-meh'}; from an unused root meaning to be lofty; the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve):--air, X astrologer, heaven(-s). This comes from two root words: 784 'esh aysh a primitive word; fire (literally or figuratively):-- burning, fiery, fire, flaming, hot. 4325 mayim mah'-yim dual of a primitive noun (but used in a singular sense); water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen:--+ piss, wasting, water(-ing, (-course, -flood, -spring)). So that "Heaven" literally means "fire and water"! No wonder the Hebrews believed that the universe was surrounded by a solid shell of water and God's throne was up above it! According to the Harper's Bible Dictionary, “The ancient Hebrews imagined the world as flat and round, covered by the great solid dome of the firmament which was held up by mountain pillars, (Job 26:11; 37:18). The blue color of the sky was attributed to the chaotic waters that the firmament separated from the earth (Gen. 1:7). The earth was thus surrounded by waters above and below (Gen. 1:6,7; cf. Psalms 24:2; 148:4, Deut. 5:8). The firmament was thought to be substantial; it had pillars (Job 26:11) and foundations (2 Sam. 22:8). When the windows of it were opened, rain fell (Gen. 7:11-12; 8:2). The sun, moon, and stars moved across or were fixed in the firmament (Gen. 1:14-19; Ps. 19:4,6). It was also the abode of the birds (Gen. 1:20; Deut. 4:17). Within the earth lay Sheol, the realm of the dead (Num. 16:30-33; Isa. 14:9,15).” The ancient Hebrews may or may not have perceived the earth as being spherical, but according to what they learned from the sacred text, they believed that the universe was finite and ended with a solid dome of beaten plates, giant ice-crystal mirrors, beyond which was the dwelling place of God. Are we beginning to see how the Kabbalah sorcerers have nullified the Word of God? But wait, there's much more! Verse 16 says: "And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also." Notice how the stars are a mere afterthought here? Under inspiration, Moses was recording the thoughts of God and He was clearly saying that there should be no overemphasis on the stars. It seems logical in the light of statements like this one: "And lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun, and the moon, and the stars, even all the host of heaven, shouldest be driven to worship them, and serve them, which the LORD thy God hath divided unto all nations under the whole heaven." -Deuteronomy 4:19 Notice that in Genesis 1:4, right after God created the first light, He declares the light "good". Now notice that in verse 8, after putting an expanse or firmament in the midst of the waters, God calls the resulting space "Heaven", but He does not declare it "good". This may very well be because the heavens were an incomplete project, something else needed to be done before God could declare it "good". We find something very interesting at Isaiah 45:12-- "I have made the earth, and created man upon it: I, even my hands, have stretched out the heavens, and all their host have I commanded." Here we see the possibility that God was describing that He stretched out the empty space first, and then commanded the host of them. After all, who would build a tent or stretch out a curtain without first measuring the space? One final thing to consider regarding Genesis 1:17, we see that God "set" all the luminaries in the firmament. Let's take a look at the Hebrew word for "set", and we see that it can not only mean to put something fixed into place, but can also imply setting into motion. Notice how many of the meanings denote action or movement: 5414 nathan naw-than' a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.):--add, apply, appoint, ascribe, assign, X avenge, X be ((healed)), bestow, bring (forth, hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, + cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, X doubtless, X without fail, fasten, frame, X get, give (forth, over, up), grant, hang (up), X have, X indeed, lay (unto charge, up), (give) leave, lend, let (out), + lie, lift up, make, + O that, occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, X pull , put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send (out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), + sing, + slander, strike, (sub-)mit, suffer, X surely, X take, thrust, trade, turn, utter, + weep, + willingly, + withdraw, + would (to) God, yield. We now conclude day 4 with the following: "And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, And to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good. And the evening and the morning were the fourth day." (vs. 17,18) The Firmament Rotates, Not the Earth Day and night rotates forever inside the great gulf that separates heaven from earth: "And beside all this, between us and you there is a great gulf fixed: so that they which would pass from hence to you cannot; neither can they pass to us, that would come from thence." -Luke 16:26. This great gulf rotates: “Thou liftest me up to the wind; thou causest me to ride upon it...” (Job 30:22). The stars move in their orbits along with the firmament: "They fought from heaven; the stars in their courses fought against Sisera." (Judges 5:20) The wind is moving and the earth is not spinning. Psalm 68:4 says “...him (God) that rideth upon the heavens...” The previous verse says, “let them exceedingly rejoice.” We may rejoice in God's word, but we cannot rejoice `exceedingly' unless we believe that the heavens are moving around a stationary earth. We can't `ride' on a chair because it is not moving, we sit on a chair. Amos 2:15 says: “...he that rideth the horse...” Both the heavens and the horse move, whereas “It is he (God) that sitteth upon the circle of the earth" (Isaiah 40:22) and “The LORD sitteth upon the flood" (Psalms 29:10). Isaiah 66:2 says “... the earth is my footstool...” Footstools do not rotate and move at 660,000,000 mph! The daily rotating firmament (heaven) enclosing the sun causes the division line between day and night to move. The heavens are not God's footstool, and God does not ride upon the earth. “To him that rideth upon the heavens of heaven” (Psalm 68:33). Even the non-canonical (although it should be) Book of Enoch chimes in with geocentrism: "Observe ye everything that takes place in the heaven, how they do not change their orbits, and the luminaries which are in the heaven, how they all rise and set in order each in its season, and transgress not against their appointed order." -Enoch 2:1. “They know not, neither will they understand; they walk on in darkness: all the foundations of the earth are out of course” (Psalms 82:5). Psalms 74:17 says: “Thou hast set all the borders of the earth.” It doesn't say `borders of the `sun, moon and stars'. `Borders' keep things inside, and the earth cannot move through the borders. There are only 5 scriptures that say the earth can move, and all are in a negative context of judgment: "And they shall go into the holes of the rocks, and into the caves of the earth, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of his majesty, when he ariseth to shake terribly the earth." (Isaiah 2:19) Therefore I will shake the heavens, and the earth shall remove out of her place, in the wrath of the LORD of hosts, and in the day of his fierce anger." (Isaiah 13:13) "For thus saith the LORD of hosts; Yet once, it is a little while, and I will shake the heavens, and the earth, and the sea, and the dry land; And I will shake all nations, and the desire of all nations shall come: and I will fill this house with glory, saith the LORD of hosts." (Haggai 2:6,7) "Whose voice then shook the earth: but now he hath promised, saying, Yet once more I shake not the earth only, but also heaven. And this word, Yet once more, signifieth the removing of those things that are shaken, as of things that are made, that those things which cannot be shaken may remain." (Hebrews 12:26,27) "Hast thou commanded the morning since thy days; and caused the dayspring to know his place; That it might take hold of the ends of the earth, that the wicked might be shaken out of it?" -Job 38:12,13. Proverbs 28:9 says: “He that turneth away his ear from hearing the law, even his prayer shall be abomination.” Why would the word “turneth” be used, when God could have said, “He that refuseth to listen to the law?” The word “turneth” is used because it specifies what is turning. Is the earth spinning daily on its axis or is the firmament revolving daily around a non moving earth? Next, what law is referred to? There are food laws, laws of sacrifice and solar system laws. The law began in Genesis chapter 1, not chapter 12! The firmament must rotate in order to keep from collapsing. Amos 1:2 says, “And he said, The Lord will roar from Zion...” Psalm 33:9 says, “For he spake, and it was done...” The universe was created when God spoke, so when He roars, watch out! The Bible is describing the biggest and most colossal wreck of all time in outer space! The sun and moon, which weigh next to nothing compared to the firmament; instantly hit the massive firmament, as Isaiah 30:26 says: “...the light of the moon shall be as the light of the sun and the light of the sun shall be seven-fold, as the light of seven days...” As in any crash, there is an explosion and a flash of light. The only way to make sense of this is for God to miraculously stop the firmament. Even though it is extremely dense, it reacts instantly to any movement within it, so the sun and moon move freely through it in their own individual orbits. Once this happens, both the sun and moon are temporarily blacked out. At Acts 2:20 and Joel 2:31 we read: “The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood...” Revelation 6:12 says: “... the sun became black as sackcloth of hair, and the moon became as blood.” When the firmament stops rotating, the earth begins turning to provide day and night, because Genesis 8:22 says: “While the earth remaineth.... day and night shall not cease”. "The pillars of heaven tremble and are astonished at his reproof” (Job 26:11). The pillars of both the earth and the firmament tremble as the rotation switches from the firmament to the earth. The firmament has always rotated daily since creation and is “astonished” at being stopped! The stars are sealed and cannot give light: “...and the third part of the sun was smitten, and third part of the moon, and the third part of the stars, so as the third part of them was darkened, and the day shone not for a third part of it, and the night likewise" (Revelation 8:12). Being “smitten” means a shakeup of the lighting arrangement for the earth, and it may take a third of a day for the sun, moon and stars to recover, and will only give two-thirds of the light they gave previously. That means shorter days and longer nights. Zechariah 14:6 says: “...that the light shall not be clear nor dark.” Vs. 7 says, “...not day, nor night: but it shall come to pass, that at evening time, it shall be light.” This state of decreased light will remain in effect through the rest of the tribulation period. Are Star Reflections Causing a Seemingly Endless Universe? Many scientists have admitted the obvious: that there is a certain point, or "wall" beyond which no telescope can see. They have also admitted that many galaxies that are known to be much "farther" are seemingly identical with observed "closer" ones. Could they be seeing reflections off of the immense ice crystals that God "hammered" into place when forming the outer wall of the universe? Picture the outer shell of the universe as a giant mirror ball, with the mirrors turned inward and the earth in the middle, then check out this page and this page for more information! Is this possibility "reflected" in God's Word? Yes! Some examples: At Genesis 15:5, God said to Abram: "Look now toward heaven, and tell the stars, if thou be able to number them: and he said unto him, So shall thy seed be." Genesis 22:17 "That in blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the stars of the heaven, and as the sand which is upon the sea shore; and thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies." 26:4 "And I will make thy seed to multiply as the stars of heaven, and will give unto thy seed all these countries; and in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed." Exodus 32:13 "Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, thy servants, to whom thou swarest by thine own self, and saidst unto them, I will multiply your seed as the stars of heaven, and all this land that I have spoken of will I give unto your seed, and they shall inherit it for ever." Jeremiah 33:22 "As the host of heaven cannot be numbered, neither the sand of the sea measured: so will I multiply the seed of David my servant, and the Levites that minister unto me." Indeed, the stars of the heavens cannot be measured! God said to Job: "Knowest thou the ordinances of heaven? canst thou set the dominion thereof in the earth?" (Job 38:33) There is further evidence that there are waters above the heavens: Psalms 104:3 "Who layeth the beams of his chambers in the waters: who maketh the clouds his chariot: who walketh upon the wings of the wind." Psalms 148:4 "Praise him, ye heavens of heavens, and ye waters that be above the heavens." Stretching out the heavens Rather than a chaotic explosion, God's description of how He created the Heavens is likened to spreading out a curtain: Psalms 104:2 "Who coverest thyself with light as with a garment: who stretchest out the heavens like a curtain." Isaiah 40:22 "It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; that stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in." There are many, many more examples of this. The same word is used in reference to Moses "stretching" out his rod over the land of Egypt, or stretching out one's arms or hands. It indicates that something already in existence is being "extended". Let's take a look at the Hebrew word for "stretchest" or "stretcheth": 5186 natah naw-taw' a primitive root; to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application (as follows):--+ afternoon, apply, bow (down, - ing), carry aside, decline, deliver, extend, go down, be gone, incline, intend, lay, let down, offer, outstretched, overthrown, pervert, pitch, prolong, put away, shew, spread (out), stretch (forth, out), take (aside), turn (aside, away), wrest, cause to yield. Indeed, it is now very easy to imagine how God created the galaxies and other celestial phenomena we see as having the appearance of being much older than 6,000 years. The Bible clearly describes an orderly process of the heavens being laid or "stretched" out. Some examples: The Majestic Sombrero Galaxy (M104) __________________________________________________________________________________________ Observed craters on planets and asteroids come from electrical discharges The craters that we see on planets, asteroids, comets and our moon are not caused by meteors. Here are some samples courtesy of Thunderbolts.info: Picture Credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin (G. Neukum) April 13, 2006 The “Caldera” of Olympus Mons Among the many paradoxes of Olympus Mons are the complex networks of shallow grooves on the flat floors of the summit craters. The common interpretation of these linear depressions as faults can no longer be maintained. Called the “largest volcano in the solar system”, the great mound of Olympus Mons on the planet Mars is taller than three Mount Everests and about as wide as the entire Hawaiian Island chain. In previous Pictures of the Day, we have noted that the defining characteristics of Olympus Mons find no counterparts in known volcanoes on Earth. Rather, the towering mound reveals the telltale markers of a lightning blister, as do its companion mounds on the equatorial Tharsis Bulge. The “pancake” shape of the mount, with its steep scarp almost four miles high, finds its best analog in the bell- shaped blisters found on the caps of lightning arrestors. The “moat” around much of the base of Olympus Mons also has its counterpart in the lightning blister. Familiar volcanic domes do not reveal such features. Nothing like the overlapping flat-bottomed craters of the “caldera”, nearly two miles deep, are observed in volcanoes on Earth. But the pattern matches the features of craters formed atop laboratory discharge blisters on an anode, or positively charged surface. The discharge creates the flat bottoms of these craters by electrical machining of the summit, vaporizing surface material to create smooth and flat crater floors. In the electrical hypothesis the same force that raised the blister cut the superimposed craters on the summit. But an event of such power would surely leave trademark scars explicable by no other hypothesis! We have noted, for example, the “pits, scoops and gouges” near the summit of Olympus Mons. Here, the geologists’ explanations (“collapse pits”, etc.) do not withstand scrutiny, while the formation of such pits by electric arcs is well known to everyone familiar with the effects of electric discharge machining (EDM). For a similar example of scooped out pits in association with the great chasm of Valles Marineris, see the chain of craters on the far left of the above picture. Pits, Scoops and Gouges on Mars Credit: ESA/Mars Express Apr 11, 2005 Pits, Scoops, and Gouges on Mars Anomalous surface depressions on Mars are much more than a dent in conventional theory. They are markers left by electric discharge events that sculpted the face of the Red Planet. The picture above shows a sample of depressions that occur frequently and in diverse contexts in the Martian landscape. Planetary scientists have grasped at interpretations case by case and have obscured with inconsistency and confusion the identicalness of form. For those investigating the role of electricity in planetary evolution, these cleanly “scooped out” depressions are markers of surface erosion by electric discharge. Such markers include a wide variety of surface features—from great domes and massive trenches to networks of undulating grooves and dense fields of craters. The structural details of these features boldly contradict the popular explanations for such geology. Sometimes the specialists call these depressions “collapse pits associated with faulting.” Sometimes they call the depressions “a chain of small pits over an emptied lava tunnel.” Sometimes they call them “impact crater chains.” The three images in the upper frame are from the summit of Olympus Mons, dubbed the most massive “volcano” in the solar system. We’ve placed a picture of the superimposed flat-bottomed craters of the caldera here. (The white boxes outline the three pit complexes imaged above, which lie near the caldera.) From an electrical viewpoint, the great mound of Olympus Mons, the craters of the “caldera”, and the smaller crater complexes next to it were all formed by the one force that is known from laboratory experiment to produce such unique topology. The lower image is from the shoulder of Valles Marineris described as the largest chasm in the solar system. A transverse view of the continental-scale trench, shown here (rotated 90 degrees), should eliminate any doubt as to the causal connection between the “crater chain” depicted above and the events that cut the greatest trench in the solar system. The electric interpretation of these events describes a plasma discharge sweeping across a hemisphere of Mars and cutting into the surface in the same way an industrial arc cuts into its target. Sometimes the arc divided in two, and at times it sent out additional sputtering lightning filaments. In the end, the arc removed some 10,000 trillion tons of the Martian surface. All that distinguishes the crater chain shown above from other cleanly cut secondary channels of Valles Marineris is the continuity and complexity of current flow at particular moments and places. Discharge filaments are rotating pairs of Birkeland Currents If the local electric field is mostly horizontal, the filament will tend to cut a smooth, sinuous groove as it rips across the surface. If the local electric field is more vertical and the surface is the cathode in the exchange, the arc may act in several ways: It may stick briefly to one point before jumping to another, forming a chain of separate craters. Or it may jump to the rim of the newly formed crater, creating an elongated scoop. Or a series of these overlapping craters will form a pitted, flat-floored channel with scalloped edges. Such variations are apparent in the above pictures, and the multiple effects from these manifestations of plasma discharge can all be seen in the cross view of Valles Marineris in the link above. Reconstructing the electrical events that produced Valles Marineris will require us to examine other details of the trench as well. In particular, we must give attention to the Tharsis Rise, into which it cuts, along with Olympus Mons and other immense domes in this anomalous, uplifted area. One overriding characteristic of the “pits, scoops and gouges” shown above should permit a generalization: Whatever caused these depressions removed the surface material, as if a giant spinning router bit reached down from the sky and bounced across the surface, biting out strings of circular and oblong pits. Look at the pictures above, while considering the larger “context pictures” of Olympus Mons and Valles Marineris. An advantage of electric arcs in industrial applications (electric discharge machining, or EDM) is their ability to cut flat surfaces cleanly to predetermined depths. Layers of material are excavated and removed with great precision. And that, according to the electric theorists, is exactly what has occurred on Mars. If the electrical theorists are emphatic on this point, it is because no internal geologic force known to science can achieve the same effects. Olympus Mons Mars photo credits: MSSS/THEMIS Lab photos on upper right by Wal Thornhill Jul 05, 2004 Olympus Mons Olympus Mons on the planet Mars defies categorization as a "volcano," but bears a striking similarity to a lightning blister. Olympus Mons on the planet Mars is taller than three Mount Everests and about as wide as the entire Hawaiian Island chain. But it¹s almost as flat as a pancake. Its edge is nearly as abrupt as a pancake, too, ending in a scarp up to 6 kilometers (almost 4 miles) high. The huge mound rises amidst several lesser regions of the Tharsis Bulge. Planetary scientists call Olympus Mons a volcano. But when examined in detail, it bears only a superficial resemblance to some earthly volcanoes. Olympus Mons has all the characteristics of a lightning blister. Such raised bell-shaped blisters can be found on the caps of lightning arrestors after a cloud-to-ground strike. They are called "fulgamites". The material that forms the elevated fulgamite is scavenged from the surrounding surface to produce an encircling depression or moat. Olympus Mons has such a moat, which does not match the bulge expected from upwelling magma beneath a volcano. Earthly lightning usually consists of a number of strokes in quick succession along the same ionized path. So the discharge that creates a fulgamite is often followed by successive lesser strokes that may excavate overlapping pits on the top of the fulgamite. The six overlapping circular craters on the summit of Olympus Mons display this pattern. The smaller craters center on the walls of the larger and are cut to different depths, as if with a cookie cutter. Such a pattern is not volcanic, where the caldera floors are supposed to be due to collapse or draining of magma from beneath. A laboratory example of an electric arc scar on a clay anode surface is shown on the right. At moderate power, the electric arc rotates (top right) and raises an extensive circular blister, seen clearly in the middle right image. As the power is increased, the arc briefly stops moving and burns a small circular crater, seen as a glowing spot in the top image and at 4 o¹clock in the bottom image. The tendency for the arc to "stick" to one spot on the anode creates localized very high temperatures, sufficient to vaporize some of the anode surface to form smooth circular crater floors and steep terraced walls exactly as seen in the Olympus Mons calderas. Do we see any volcano on Earth produce such a configuration on its summit now? We can find none. Yet the pattern is repeated more than once on the Martian Tharsis Bulge (row of pictures below), including the summit of neighboring Ascraeus Mons (lower left), a striking replica of the Olympus Mons "calderas". The electrical hypothesis maintains that within minutes successive strokes from a cosmic lightning bolt lifted the peak and carved the craters on the summit. It seems likely that the Tharsis Bulge will also trace to the same period of Martian history, when the planet must have engaged another charged body at close range. If so, evidence of such an exchange must be pervasive on the Martian surface, and all the major features of the planet must be reconsidered from this new viewpoint. Though geologists have never entertained the electrical scarring of rocky planets and moons, rapidly accumulating evidence has the potential to change this situation dramatically. Also see: Domed Craters on Mars Martian "Blueberries" in the Lab Asteroids That Should Not Be "Electrical Discharge as the Source of Solar Radiant Energy" by Ralph Jeurgens ____________________________________________________________________ Reference: geocentricbible.com Continue on to "Stellar Parallax and the Biblical Universe" Back to top Home |
Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300
M51 The Whirlpool Galaxy
| The diagram on the left shows the helical orbit that God programmed into the sun in order to create the sun's parallax, which in turn produces the seasons: What of the "waters which were above the firmament"? As was expanded upon in the "Broken Deep" essay, Vail's "Canopy Theory" has long been discarded, and with good reason: A water "canopy" holding only 40 feet of water would have caused atmospheric pressure to heat up the entire earth to a rather uncomfortable 800 degrees F.! Thousands of feet of water were needed to bring the Great Deluge. Besides, if God really meant a "canopy", he would have inspired Moses to use one of the three words for "canopy": "chuppah", "tsab" or "shaphruwr." The word for "firmament" is: 7549 raqiya` raw-kee'-ah from 7554; properly, an expanse, i.e. the firmament or (apparently) visible arch of the sky:--firmament. |